牛磺酸对急性氨中毒的鲫和草鱼抗氧化及炎症相关基因表达影响的比较

为了比较牛磺酸对急性氨中毒的鲫和草鱼缓释作用的差异,实验分别构建了4个处理组,组1实验鱼通过腹腔注射生理盐水,组2注射醋酸铵(鲫7 mmol/g,草鱼9 mmol/g),组3注射醋酸铵和牛磺酸(100μg/g),组4注射牛磺酸。毒性实验持续96 h。结果显示,组2鲫肝脏中SOD、CuZnSOD和CAT基因mRNA表达量显著低于组1和组3;组2和组3鲫肝脏中GPx基因mRNA表达量显著低于组1;组1鲫大脑中SOD、CuZnSOD、CAT和GPx基因mRNA表达量最高;组2草鱼肝脏中SOD、CuZnSOD、CAT和GPx基因mRNA表达量显著高于其他组;组2和组4草鱼大脑中SOD和CuZnSOD基因mRNA表达量显著低于组1和组3;组3草鱼大脑中CAT和GPx基因mRNA表达量最高;此外,组2鲫和草鱼肝脏及大脑中TNF和IL基因mRNA表达量均显著高于其他组。研究表明,鱼类氨中毒会扰乱机体的抗氧化酶系统和免疫应答,引起氧化损伤和炎症反应;草鱼通过提高抗氧化相关基因表达以应对氨中毒;牛磺酸能够有效缓解氨中毒对鲫和草鱼造成的氧化伤害,但牛磺酸并不能降低氨中毒对鲫和草鱼造成的炎症反应。     

Combining ability of yield and yield components among Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae-compatible and Striga-resistant sorghum genotypes

ABSTRACT

Use of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars with partial resistance to Striga spp. and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae (FOS) represents a novel strategy to control Striga. This study aimed to identify the nature of gene action controlling grain yield and yield components and to select promising sorghum crosses possessing both FOS compatibility and Striga resistance, along with good combining ability effects. One-hundred hybrids, developed from pairwise matings among 10 FOS compatible, high-yielding female lines and 10 Striga-resistant male lines, were evaluated with and without FOS inoculation. The F₁s were field evaluated at three locations in Tanzania known for their severe Striga infestation, using an alpha lattice design with two replications. General (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances were significant for grain yield per plant, hundred-seed weight, plant height, flowering time and the number of Striga plants. The study demonstrated FOS inoculation to be an effective means of controlling Striga. Families 675?×?672, AS435?×?3993 and 4643?×?AS436 displaying large SCA effects for grain yield, and 4567?×?AS429, 3424?×?AS430 and 3424?×?AS436 with small SCA effects for Striga counts should be useful genetic resources for breeding and integrated Striga management.     

应力波在落叶松活立木中传播影响因素数值模拟

探究应力波在落叶松活立木中传播的影响因素,有助于研究应力波在人工林活立木中的传播机理。依据固体介质中的应力波传播理论和弹性力学理论,将活立木看作只由心材层和边材层组成的两层结构材料,基于活立木的正交各向异性假定,利用COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场仿真软件对应力波在活立木中的传播进行了模拟计算,并研究了敲击载荷频率、活立木胸径和心材比对应力波传播的影响。结果表明,应力波波速随着载荷脉冲频率的增大而减小;对于胸径为10 cm的活立木模型,当传播距离达到1. 2 m时,应力波波阵面已经转换为一维平面波,而对于胸径超过30 cm的活立木模型,应力波在0～1. 2 m传播距离内是以三维膨胀波的形式传播;活立木胸径对应力波的传播速度有影响,当胸径小于10 cm时,波速较小且基本没有发生变化,当胸径从10 cm增加到40 cm时,应力波的波速随着活立木胸径的增加而增加,而当胸径超过40 cm时,波速略微增加后保持相对稳定;应力波在活立木中的波速随着心材比的增大而减小。胸径对应力波在活立木中的传播形式以及波阵面形状有影响,而敲击载荷频率和心材比对应力波在活立木中的传播形式以及波阵面形状没有影响,但三者都会对应力波的传播速度产生影响,数值模拟最佳的敲击载荷频率为2. 5 kHz,应力波在活立木中的传播速度不只取决于边材的力学性能,而是受到心材和边材的共同影响。     

大豆PHD家族蛋白的全基因组鉴定及表达特征分析

PHD（Plant Homeodomain Finger）基因家族编码一类锌指转录因子,广泛参与植物的生长发育和逆境应答过程。通过全基因组鉴定获得了95个大豆PHD家族蛋白。通过共线性分析、进化树构建、基因结构和功能结构域鉴定、GO注释分析、不同组织间和非生物胁迫下表达分析等,获得了大豆PHD家族基因复制、家族进化、保守结构域及基因表达等信息。结果表明,大豆PHD基因在家族进化、基因结构和保守结构域上存在较大变异,可能参与Zn ²⁺结合、DNA结合及表观遗传调控等分子过程,参与调控植物生长发育和逆境应答。这些结果为进一步研究大豆PHD家族在生长发育和逆境应答中的生物学功能提供重要线索。     

外源硅调控葡萄生理特性对低温胁迫的响应

本研究以大田葡萄品种‘梅鹿辄’为试材,采用大田喷施硅酸钾与室内低温处理相结合的方法,测定不同温度下葡萄叶片生理指标的变化,研究外源硅酸钾调控葡萄生理特性对低温胁迫的响应,探讨其提高葡萄抗寒性可能的作用机制。结果表明:低温胁迫下葡萄Inv活性被抑制,而其它指标则升高;喷施硅酸钾可显著降低低温胁迫下葡萄叶片的MDA含量,且当硅酸钾浓度为0.75%时对低温的损伤缓解作用最大;而脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量、Inv、SPS活性及SS净活性均随硅酸钾浓度的升高而显著提高,但是可溶性蛋白含量在硅酸钾浓度为0.50%时最大,其它指标均在浓度为0.75%时最大;通过葡萄叶片各抗寒指标的隶属度值与综合评价指标看出,始花期0.75%的硅酸钾处理后葡萄抗寒性最强。综合分析,喷施硅酸钾可提高低温胁迫下葡萄叶片渗透调节物质含量,加快蔗糖转运及代谢速率,缓解活性氧累积,增强其耐寒性。     

木本植物逆境胁迫研究进展

木本植物(Woody plant)具有多年生、木质部发达和茎坚硬等特点,能抵御复杂多变的外界环境。本综述归纳了木本植物逆境胁迫的几个重要方面,例如盐胁迫、干旱胁迫和低温胁迫。归纳并总结了与应激有关的基因、蛋白质、转录因子和应激反应机制,并简要概述了木本植物在植被保护、园林绿化和土壤改良等方面的应用价值,最后对木本植物研究的局限性和存在的不足进行了讨论。蒙古柳(Salix linearistipularis)作为松嫩平原盐碱地区唯一具有群落分布的木本植物,是研究逆境胁迫的重要树种材料。因此,本综述着重介绍了耐盐碱木本植物蒙古柳对盐等逆境胁迫的研究进展,以期为木本植物逆境胁迫研究提供一定的理论基础;并针对目前研究存在的不足,为进一步研究提供了参考方向。     

Study on the Hepatoprotective Effect of Oxalis coriniculata L. and Related Mechanism by Regulating Oxidative Stress and TLR-2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

[Objectives]This study aimed to explore the protective effect of Oxalis coriniculata L.on rats with acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)and ...     

Genetic variation in root development responses to salt stresses of quinoa

Soil salinity has become a serious environmental abiotic stress limiting crop productivity and quality. The root system is the first organ sensing the changes in salinity. Root development under elevated salinity is therefore an important indicator for saline tolerance in plants. Previous studies focused on varietal differences in morphological traits of quinoa under saline stresses; however, variation in root development responses to salinity remains largely unknown. To understand the genetic variation in root development responses to salt stress of quinoa, we conducted a preliminary screening for salinity response at two salinity levels of a diverse set of 52 quinoa genotypes and microsatellite markers were used to link molecular variation to that in root development responses to salt stresses of represented genotypes. The frequency distribution of saline tolerance index showed continuous variation in the quinoa collection. Cluster analysis of salinity responses divided the 52 quinoa genotypes into six major groups. Based on these results, six genotypes representative of groups I to VI including Black quinoa, 2-Want, Atlas, Riobamba, NL-6 and Sayaña, respectively, were selected to evaluate root development under four saline stress levels: 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl. Contrasts in root development responses to saline stress levels were observed in the six genotypes. At 100 mM NaCl, significant differences were not observed in root length development (RLD) and root surface development (RSAD) of most genotypes except Black quinoa; a significant reduction was observed in this genotype as compared to controls. At 200 mM NaCl, significant reduction was detected in RLD and RSAD in all genotypes showing this as the best concentration to discriminate among genotypes. The strongest inhibition of root development was found for all genotypes at 300 mM NaCl as compared to lower saline levels. Among genotypes, Atlas of group III shows as a saline-tolerant genotype confirming previous reports. Variation in root responses to salinity stresses is also discussed in relation to climate conditions of origins of the genotypes and reveal interesting guidelines for further studies exploring the mechanisms behind this aspect of saline adaptation.